981名钢铁企业工人职业卫生服务认知现状及其影响因素

Awareness of Occupational Health Service and Its Determinants in 981 Steelworkers

[目的]分析某钢铁企业工人职业卫生服务相关知识的认知现状及其影响因素,为建立适合工人特点的职业卫生服务培训模式提供科学依据。[方法]于2011年3月至6月,采用整群抽样的方法对某钢铁企业的981名生产工人进行面对面的问卷调查,调查内容包括企业工人的基本信息、职业卫生服务认知情况及需求情况。[结果]981名钢铁工人对职业病、职业卫生服务以及《职业病防治法》相关内容的知晓率分别为82.2%、52.1%和50.4%;多因素分析显示工种是影响工人知晓率的因素之一。该钢铁企业90%以上工人希望公司配备急救设施,获得定期健康体检,参加安全操作培训等职业卫生服务。[结论]某钢铁企业工人职业卫生服务知识知晓率低,需求率高。该企业工人的职业卫生服务认知与工种有关,企业应根据工种特点开展不同内容和频率的职业卫生服务培训。

[ Objective ] To analyze the awareness and determinants of occupational health service （OHS） in steelworkers so as to provide scientific evidence for establishing OHS training models according to the characteristics of steel workers. [ Methods ] A total of 981 steelworkers were selected by cluster sampling method during March-June of 2011, and they were interviewed face- to-face via questionnaires to collect general information, awareness and demand of OHS. [ Results ] The awareness rate of occupational disease, OHS, and Law on Prevention and Control of Occupation Diseases in the 981 steelworkers were 82.2%, 52.1%, and 50.4% respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed the type of work was a determinant of OHS awareness. More than 90% of the interviewed steelworkers presented demand for emergency facilities, regular physical examinations, and safety operation trainings. [ Conclusion ] The awareness rate of OHS is low in the steelworkers; however, there is a high demand for OHS. The awareness of OHS in the steelworkers is associated with type of work, and therefore, the employers should carry out flexible OHS trainings according to the characteristics of various types of work.