煤矿工人尘肺病健康教育模式研究

Health Education Models on Coal Miner's Pneumoconiosis

[目的]评估煤矿工人尘肺病健康教育效果,探讨适合煤矿工人尘肺病健康教育的最佳模式。[方法]采用随机抽样的方法抽取山西焦煤集团4个煤矿600名下井工人,按年龄随机分配到对照组、干预一组、干预二组和干预三组,对照组无任何干预。干预一组、干预二组和干预三组分别采用单纯性集中授课;单纯性集中授课和发放宣传折页;单纯性集中授课、发放宣传折页和参与式培训的模式进行尘肺病健康教育,干预前、后分别进行问卷调查以评估干预效果。[结果]健康教育干预前,除了《职业病防治法》及就医场所的知晓率较低,分别为67.80%和68.48%,煤矿工人对尘肺病相关知识知晓率均>85%;相关态度认可率范围为70.36%～91.82%;相关行为形成率较低,如主动学习尘肺病健康知识仅51.28%。健康教育干预后,三个干预组的煤矿工人对尘肺病知识、态度和行为均显著改善,组间相比可知干预三组的效果最佳(P<0.05)。[结论]三个干预组所采取的干预方式都可以改善尘肺病知识、态度和行为,但以单纯性集中授课、发放宣传折页和参与式培训相结合的教育模式效果最佳,是尘肺病健康教育的最佳模式。

[ Objective ] To establish an optimum model of health education by evaluating the intervention effects of var health education models. [ Methods ] By stratified cluster sampling, 600 coal miners in four coal mines of Shanxi Coking C Group were enrolled and randomized into one control group and three intervention groups （I, II, and III）. Three combinations health education on pneumoconiosis were applied to the three intervention groups respectively, i.e. intensive classes, intens classes plus brochures, intensive classes plus brochures plus participative trainings; while no intervention measures were introdu, to the control group. The miners were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire about the knowledge, attitude, and practice pneumoconiosis before and after the designed interventions. [ Results ] The data before the health education interventi, showed the awareness rates of knowledge on pneumoconiosis of the enrolled coal miners were on the high side （〉 85%）, except t the awareness rates of the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Disease and the medical locations of pneumoeonk care service were 67.80% and 68.48% respectively; the percentages of miners helding correct attitudes toward pneumoconic prevention ranged from 70.36% to 91.82%; the behavior formation rates against pneumoconiosis were on the low side, for exam only 51.28% reported that they actively learned the knowledge of pneumoconiosis. After health educations, the related knowled attitude, and behavior of the three intervention groups were all significantly improved, and the best intervention effect was seer the intervention group III （P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion ] All the three combinations of intervention measures remarkably improve pneumoconiosis related knowledge, attitude, and behavior of coal miners, hut the combination of intensive classes, brochures, participative trainings proves to be the best health education model for pneumoconiosis prevention.