我国不同生态区小麦氮肥的肥效反应

Nitrogen Agronomy Efficiency for Wheat at Various Regions in China

[目的]系统研究目前我国不同生态区小麦的氮肥肥效反应,以期为我国氮肥的合理施用提供科学依据和参考。[方法]在CNKI论文中,选取最近3年各地区小麦的氮肥施用量和小麦的产量数据进行统计分析。[结果]东北春小麦区氮肥肥效平均为15.00 kg/kg,属氮肥高效;西北冬春小麦区氮肥肥效为4.00～10.50 kg/kg,氮肥的增产效果不如东北春小麦区;黄淮海平原冬小麦区氮肥肥效为6.70～14.00 kg/kg,氮肥的增产效应也较为明显;长江中下游冬小麦区氮肥肥效为11.19～13.39 kg/kg;西南冬小麦区氮肥肥效为6.44 kg/kg,氮肥的增产效果不如长江中下游平原。[结论]氮肥肥效在我国不同生态区存在明显的差异。在氮肥的施用过程中,要因地施肥,不仅使得小麦增产稳产,而且可避免资源浪费和污染。

[Objective] In order to provide scientific basis for the reasonable nitrogen application,the yield of wheat at various regions in China responds to applied nitrogen was conducted. [Method]Based on the database of the field trials for wheat compiled from CNKI nearly three years,wheat yields and applied nitrogen rates were analyzed. [Result] In the northeast China,the average value of the agronomic efficiency was about 15. 00 kg / kg. At Huang-huai-hai plain,the nitrogen agronomic efficiency had the value ranged from 6. 70 kg / kg to 14. 00 kg / kg, and the yield-increasing effect was lower than the value in Northeast China. At middle and lower of the Yangtze River,the value was about form 11. 10 kg / kg to 13. 39 kg / kg,while southwest region had the mean value of 6. 44 kg / kg. [Conclusion]The results show that the nitrogen agronomic efficiency varied markedly at different regions in China,which shouldn＇t be neglected when nitrogen applied for wheat in order to increasing crop yield and avoid the waste of fertilizer and environmental pollution.