哈尔滨市不同生境区域鞘翅目昆虫多样性

Diversity of Coleoptera Insect in Different Habitats of Harbin City

[目的]探讨鞘翅目昆虫多样性变化对不同生境类型的生态反应。[方法]选取哈尔滨市不同生境区域中的样地,分析鞘翅目昆虫的群落结构及其多样性。[结果]共获得鞘翅目昆虫标本3 215个,隶属鞘翅目55科120属233种,其中以小蠹科(Scolytidae)等为优势类群。东北林业大学林场多样性指数最高,其次是哈尔滨植物园,帽儿山实验林场老山实验站最低。帽儿山实验林场老山实验站物种丰富度和优势度指数最高,其次是东北林业大学林场,哈尔滨植物园最低。不同生境类型的鞘翅目昆虫群落多样性的时间动态不同,哈尔滨植物园的鞘翅目昆虫群落多样性指数随时间的波动最小,帽儿山实验林场老山实验站的物种数和优势度指数波动较大。不同生境区域鞘翅目昆虫相似性系数为中等不相似或极不相似水平,说明各生境类型的鞘翅目昆虫栖息地空间异质性较大,导致鞘翅目昆虫群落间相似性程度较低。[结论]该研究可为城市生态可持续发展、森林生态系统的多样性保护提供科学依据和理论基础。

[Objective]The research aimed to discuss the ecological response of the diversity changes of Coleoptera insect to different habitat types. [Method] The sample plots in different habitat regions of Harbin City were selected to analyze the community structure and its diversity of Coleoptera insect. [Result]3215 specimen of Coleoptera insects were obtained,belonging to 233 species,120 genera of 55 families. Scolytidae were the dominant taxa among them. The diversity index in forest farm of Northeast Forestry University was the highest,followed by that in Harbin Botanical Garden,and that in Laoshan Experimental Station of Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm was the lowest. The species richness and dominance index of Laoshan Experimental Station of Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm were the highest,followed by that in forest farm of Northeast Forestry University,and that in Harbin Botanical Garden were lowest. The temporal dynamics of community diversity of Coleoptera insect in different habitat types were different,and the temporal dynamics of the community diversity index of Coleoptera insect in Harbin Botanical Garden were the lowest,and the dynamics of species number and dominance index in Laoshan Experimental Station of Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm were greater. The similarity coefficient of Coleoptera insect in different habitat regions was at moderately dissimilar or extremely dissimilar levels. This indicated that the habitat of Coleoptera insect had greater spatial heterogeneity in different habitat types,which resulted in lower similarity degree of Coleoptera insect communities. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific basis and theoretical basis for the sustainable development of urban ecology and the diversity protection of forest ecosystem.