市售蔬菜铅、镉、砷含量检测与分析

Detection and Analysis of Lead,Cadmium and Arsenic Contents in Vegetables

[目的]检测并分析长沙市区市售8种蔬菜中铅、镉、砷的含量,了解蔬菜所受重金属污染的情况,为进一步研究提供科学依据。[方法]随机抽取长沙市区大型菜市场及超市各6处,选取有代表性的8种蔬菜,共96份样品进行检测,依照现行GB2762-2012食品中污染物限量标准,尼梅罗综合污染指数（Pt）及分级标准进行评估,其中Pt≤1为未污染,1〈Pt≤2为轻污染,2〈Pt≤3为中污染,Pt＞3为重污染。[结果]96份样品中铅、镉、砷含量范围分别为0.06～1.41、0.06～1.26、0.00～0.91,超标率分别为78.13%、45.83%和34.38%;综合污染指数值在0.90～6.05,其中茄子为6.05,辣椒为3.24;各组蔬菜间铅（F=23.908,P=0.001）、镉（F=64.908;P=0.000）含量差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,砷含量差异无统计学意义（F=4.634,P=0.705＞0.05）。[结论]研究表明,长沙市售蔬菜中存在一定铅、镉、砷含量超标的情况,以铅超标率最高。综合污染指数分析表明,蔬菜重金属污染大多属于轻至中污染,瓜果类蔬菜属于重污染,镉是引起瓜果类蔬菜污染的主要因素。

[Objective] To detect the concentration of heavy metals（ Pb,Cd,As） in vegetables,and to understand the current situation of heavy metal contamination in vegetables,in order to come up with scientific reference to further researches. [Method]Randomly select 6 markets and 6 supermarkets and select 8 representative kinds of vegetable（ 96 samples totally）. Detect in the samples,then evaluate the pollution according to GB2762-2012 Maximum levels of contaminants in foods and the Nemerow index method（ Pt） of the three metals Pb,Cd,As. Pt is divided into 4 levels： uncontaminated（ Pt≤1）,mildly contaminated（ 1 Pt≤2）,moderately contaminated（ 2 Pt≤3）,and highly contaminated（ Pt 3）. [Result]The range concentration of the Pb,Cd,As in the 96 samples are respectively：（ 0. 06-1. 41）,（ 0. 06-1. 26） and（ 0. 00-0. 91） mg / kg. The percentage of samples in which the 3 heavy metal levels are higher than the corresponding safety values are 78. 13%,45. 83% and 34. 38% respectively. The contents of Pb（ F = 23. 908,P = 0. 001） and Cd（ F = 64. 908,P = 0. 000） are significantly different between 8 kinds and there is no significant difference between the contents As（ F = 4. 634,P = 0. 705〉0. 05） in 8 kinds. The values of Ptare ranged from 0. 9 to 6. 05 and Cd＇s pollution index makes up the most percentage of 3 metals in Pt. [Conclusion]There is a condition that Pb,Cd,As contents in some of the sample are higher than the maximum contaminants level; the analysis of Ptshows that the vegetables is slightly or moderately contaminated,and amphisarca are highly contaminated,and Cd is the most important factor for the heavy metal contamination in vegetables.