可降解型低温精练助剂的制备及应用研究

Preparation and application of biodegradable low-temperature scouring surfactant

采用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、顺丁烯二酸酐和反丁烯二酸为主要原料合成了系列羧化对称型脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚马来酸双酯Gemini表面活性剂,并将其作为棉织物的低温精练助剂。探讨了不同聚氧乙烯醚链段和不同脂肪链端基的双子表面活性剂用作精练剂的效果,结果表明羧化对称型月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚(9)马来酸双脂双子表面活性剂(DLEO9)的效果最好。详细研究了该双子表面活性剂对棉织物精练时温度、时间、碱和表面活性剂用量与失重和毛效之间的关系,精练后布样的失重率随精练温度的提高而增大,但毛细管效应随温度变化不同。最佳的精练工艺为:温度为85℃,时间为120 min,NaOH质量浓度为20 g/L,DLEO9质量浓度为1 g/L,浴比为1∶30。在相同条件下,DLEO9的精练效果优于常用的渗透剂JFC。

A serial of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate type symmetric maleic acid diester Gemini surfactants are synthesized using fatty alcohol ethoxylate,maleic anhydride and fumaric acid as raw materials. The Gemini surfactants are applied to low temperature scouring of cotton fabric. The influences of polymerization degree of polyoxyethylene ether chain and different aliphatic groups on scouring effect are performed. The results show that polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylate type symmetric maleic acid diester Gemini surfactant（ DLEO9） is the most effective. The detailed study about the relation between temperature,time,alkali content,surfactant content and weightloss ratio,capillary effect of the cotton fabrics are investigated. Using the DLEO9 Gemini surfactant as the scouring agent, weight-loss ratio of the fabric samples increases with the increase of scouring-temperature,but capillary effect shows different change. The best scouring process is shown as follows： 85℃ of temperature,120 minutes of time,20 g / L and 1 g / L of the concentrations of NaOH and DLEO9,respectively,and 1 ∶ 30 of bath ratio. Under the same conditions,the scouring effect of DLEO9 is better than JFC which is a conventional penetrant agent.