关注“超组织人”:独立签约者特征与作用研究评析

Focus on'Supra-Organization Man':A Review of Research on Independent Contractor Feature and Function

近20-30年来,独立签约者的规模不断上升,已成为各国劳动力市场中不可或缺的重要组成部分,受到国外诸多领域的研究关注,但国内对其的探讨还处于起步阶段。本文在对国内外近20年240余篇相关文献梳理的基础上,对独立签约者这一群体的特征与作用进行了关注:首先,在对独立签约者的内涵、类别和相关概念辨析的基础上,剖析了独立签约者的职业特征和社会属性特征;其次,从个体视角对自我雇佣决策的影响因素与选择动机进行了分析;从组织视角对独立签约者与客户组织之间的角色关系进行了探讨;最后,对上述两个领域的研究深化和未来研究方向做了展望。

In recent 20-30 years, independent contractors’ number has increased continuously; accordingly this kind of staff has become significant component of each counties’ labor market. The topic draws much attention from lots of science field in foreign countries, on the opposite side the researches are just at the beginning stage in China. Based on analysis of 242 related studies in recent 20 years, we firstly demonstrate independent contractor’s definition, classification, and distinguish related concepts as well. Then, the paper shows independent contractor’s occupation and social features. After that, it chooses two approaches to discuss： self-employment decision’s determinants and motives in individual perspective and role relations with client organizations in organizational perspective. Finally, it advances the future directions of the two perspectives.