初中生的愤怒情绪现况调查

A cross-sectional study of anger motion in junior high school students

目的:探究初中生愤怒状况及相关因素。方法:选取13~15岁270人(其中男生152人,女生118人),采用状态-特质愤怒表达问卷(STAXI-2)测量愤怒水平(包括状态怒、特质怒、怒控制、内向怒及外向怒5项),中学生应对方式量表测量应对方式,人际侵犯动机问卷(TRIM)评估初中生的宽恕状况,用自编问卷调查父母婚姻关系良好度等一般资料。结果:男生STAXI-2中怒控制和外向怒得分高于女生[(22.5±5.7)vs.(20.8±5.5),(7.3±2.7)vs.(6.7±2.2),均P<0.05],内向怒得分低于女生[(7.4±3.1)vs.(8.2±2.9),P<0.05]。STAXI-2中特质怒得分与中学生应对方式量表的忍耐、发泄情绪、幻想否认等得分,TRIM中回避、报复等得分呈正相关(r=0.18~0.45,P<0.01),与父母的婚姻良好度分级,中学生应对方式量表的问题解决、合理化解释等得分,TRIM善意得分呈负相关(r=-0.16^-0.25,P<0.01);STAXI-2中怒控制得分与中学生应对方式量表中指向问题应对、忍耐等得分,TRIM中善意得分呈正相关(r=0.17~0.48,P<0.01),与TRIM回避、报复等得分呈负相关(r=-0.13^-0.13,P<0.05)。多元回归分析表明,特质怒得分与父母婚姻良好度分级及中学生应对方式量表的合理化解释、逃避得分负向关联(β=-0.11^-0.16,P<0.05),与中学生应对方式量表的发泄情绪、幻想否认得分及TRIM报复得分正向关联(β=0.24~0.27,P<0.01);怒控制得分与TRIM善意得分及中学生应对方式量表的问题解决、合理化解释正向关联(β=0.22~0.29,均P<0.01)。结论:本研究提示,父母婚姻关系不佳,倾向于选择发泄情绪、幻想否认、逃避的应对方式,以及报复动机强的初中生较容易出现愤怒。

Objective： To explore the state of anger in junior high school students and the related factors of an- ger. Methods： Totally 270 students （152 males, 118 females） from one junior high school were selected. They were assessed with the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 （STAXI-2） for measuring the anger situation （ including 5 factors of anger-state, anger-trait, anger-control, anger-in an anger-out）, Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students （CSSMSS） for assessing choices of coping styles, Transgression Related Interpersonal Motivations Scale （TRIM） for assessing forgiveness, and a self-made demographic questionnaire for degree of patents＇marriage and so on. Results： Male students had higher scores of STAXI-2 “anger control” and “anger-out”, but lower scores of “an- ger-in” than females [（22. 5 ±5.7） vs. （20. 8 ±5.5）, （7.3 ±2. 7） vs. （6. 7±2. 2）, （7.4 ±3.1） vs. （8.2 ±2. 9）, P 〈 0. 05]. The scores of STAXI-2 “anger trait” were positively correlated with the scores of CSSMSS “acceptance” “venting” and “fantasizing”, with TRIM“avoiding” and“revenge” （ r = 0. 18 ～ 0. 45, P 〈 0. 01 ） ; while negatively correlated with degree of parents＇marriage, the scores of CSSMSS “problem-solving”and “rationalization”, with the scores of TRIM “benevolence” （ r = - 0. 16 ～ - 0. 25, P 〈 0. 01）. The scores of STAXI-2 “anger control” were pos- itively correlated with the scores of ＂problem-pointing coping styles＂, “acceptance” and “benevolence” （r = 0. 17 - 0. 48, Ps 〈 0.01）, while negatively correlated with the scores of TRIM “avoidance” and “revenge” （r = -0. 13 ～ - 0. 13, Ps 〈 0. 05）. Multiple regression analysis showed that degree of parents‘ marriage relationship, the scores of “rationalization” and ＂avoiding＂ were negatively associated with the scores of ＂anger-trait＂ （fl = -0. 11 ～ -0. 16, Ps 〈0.05）, while positively associated with the scores of ＂venting＂, ＂fantasizing＂, and ＂revenge＂ （β = 0. 24 - 0. 27, Ps 〈 0. 01 ）. The scores of ＂anger-control＂ were positively associated with the scores of ＂benevolence＂,＂ prob- lem-solving＂ and ＂rationalization＂ （β = 0. 22 -0. 29, Ps 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： It suggests that the junior high school students with bad parents＇marriage relationship, tendency to choose negative coping styles （such as venting, fantasi- zing and avoiding） but not positive ones （ such as rationalization）, and revenge motivation are more likely to be an- gry.