氮肥种类与施用量对早稻光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Early Rice

为明确控释氮肥在水稻生产中的适宜用量,促进控释氮肥在水稻上的推广应用,通过田间小区试验,研究不同氮肥施用条件(氮肥种类及施用量)对早稻功能叶光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比(不施氮肥),施氮肥处理能显著增加早稻功能叶叶绿素含量,提高叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,降低叶片胞间CO2浓度,增强光合性能,从而促进早稻产量提高;与普通尿素处理相比,等氮量控释氮肥处理早稻前期叶片叶绿素含量较低,但后期能维持较高水平,且等氮量控释氮肥处理比普通尿素处理的叶片净光合速率更强,产量更高;控释氮肥减量10%处理与普通尿素处理相比,叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率及产量有所下降,但差异不显著。

The effects of different nitrogen application patterns on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of early rice were studied by the field plot experiment to determine rational application amount of controlled-release nitrogen and promote application of controlled-release nitrogen in rice production.The results showed that nitrogen application could significantly increase leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate,decrease leaf intercellular CO2 concentration and improve photosynthetic performance of early rice compared with CK（without nitrogen application）.The leaf chlorophyll content of early rice applied with controlled-release nitrogen with the same nitrogen amount was low at earlier stage but maintain the higher level at later stage compared with the common urea treatment.Leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and rice yield of 90% controlled-release nitrogen treatment was lower than the common urea treatment but the difference between two treatments was no significance.In conclusion,applying controlled-release urea can reduce nitrogen application amount and nitrogen pollution in rice production.