大学生饮酒模式调查分析

The Survey of the Drinking Patterns of University Students

目的分析影响大学生饮酒模式的因素,针对饮酒教育及酒精政策提出建议。方法采用整群抽样方法,选择来自北京和郑州的530名大学生完成有效问卷调查。采用Epidata录入数据,SAS 12.0和R 2.7.2进行数据描述和分析。结果 74.5%的大学生在过去1年内饮过酒,啤酒是饮酒者的主要选择(85.9%),餐馆和家里是饮酒比较频繁的场所,饮用酒多来自同学/朋友及家庭成员提供,25.3%饮酒者并无特别原因饮酒,各有约1/5的饮酒者是出于社交目的或喜欢饮酒的感觉。认为"饮酒有助于社交"或"饮酒促进交流"者、父母及同学/朋友饮酒者、来自农村地区或小城镇者及吸烟者更容易发生饮酒行为(均P<0.05),男生大学生、规律饮酒者更容易遭遇强迫劝酒场面、更易发生醉酒(均P<0.05)。超过一半饮酒者出现酒后脸红、肌肉软弱无力等生理反应,饮酒对被调查大学生产生的社会心理影响依次是记忆丧失(23.9%)、宿醉(14.6%)、做了后悔的事(低于10%)等。结论目前大学生仍保持着一种低风险饮酒模式。大学生饮酒教育应提供关于饮酒利弊的科学信息,使其对饮酒保持一种现实的期望。应制定针对性酒精政策和教育鼓励和支持低风险且满足社交功能的饮酒模式,控制高风险饮酒模式。

Objectives To analyze the impact factors of drinking Patterns of the university students,and to ProPose recom-mendations on alcohol education and alcohol policy.Methods 530 university students from Beijing and Zhengzhou were selected by Cluster-samPling to finish the quantitative questionnaire.Epidata was used for data entry and SAS 12.0 and R 2.7.2 for statistic analyses.Results 74.5% students drank alcohol in the past year,and beer was the main choice （85.9%）.Restau-rants and homes were the most frequent place for drinking,with alcohol most frequently provided by classmates,friends and family members.25.3% drinkers drank without any reason,while about one-fifth drinkers drank because of socializing and communicating or just enjoying the feeling of drinking.Students with concePtions of drinking is helPful to socialize with other people and drinking improves communication,parents and classmates/friends drinking,from rural area or small town and smokers were more likely to drink alcohol （P 〈0.05）.Males,regular drinkers were more likely to be forced to toast and get drunk （P 〈0.05）.More than half drinkers had the physiological consequences of alcohol-related flushing and muscle weakness etc.The main Psychosocial consequences associated with drinking alcohol were memory loss （23.9%）,hangover （14.6%）, doing something they later regretted （less than 10%）.Conclusions The university students are still keeping a low-risk drinking pattern.Alcohol education needs to provide scientific information about the benefits and risks of drinking so to shape the drink-ers〉realistic expectations.Carefully targeted alcohol policies and education needs to be developed to control high risk drinking patterns,and to encourage and support dinking patterns with low risk and serving as important social functions.