长江安庆段滩地鸟类群落多样性及其季节动态

Diversity and Seasonal Variations of Avian Community on the Yangtze River Beach,Anqing,China

选择长江安庆段滩地的自然沼泽湿地以及人工干预形成的疏林、幼树林、6年生林和成熟林5个不同生境类型,采用样带法开展鸟类群落调查,研究生境变化对鸟类群落多样性的影响。调查共记录到66种鸟,隶属于12目31科,其中水鸟有15种,占全部鸟类种数的22.73%。食性集团以食虫鸟和杂食鸟种数居多,分别占总鸟类种数的45.6%和31.3%。沼泽湿地鸟类总种数和密度均最高,幼树林最低,其中,各生境鸟类密度存在显著性差异。随着林龄的增加,3种树林生境鸟类多样性指数增大,疏林全年鸟类多样性仅次于成熟林,但以沼泽湿地的最高。全年鸟类多样性在各生境中存在极显著差异。全部生境鸟类多样性以春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,且在各季节中存在极显著差异。鸟类多样性特征与生境的复杂程度和植被类型相关。

In order to have an insight into the effect of habitat change on bird diversity,we investigated bird communities by transect sampling method in five habitats including natural marsh wetlands,river beach with open forest, and three artificial forests of young forest,6-year-old forest and mature forest. A total of 66 bird species,belonging to 12 orders 31 families,were recorded,and among them 15 species were waterbirds accounting for 22. 73% of total bird species. Insectivorous and omnivorous birds were dominant in terms of feeding guilds,accounting for 45. 6% and 31. 3%, respectively. The bird species and density were highest in the marsh wetlands,and the lowest in the young forest. Bird density significantly differed among the habitats and increased with forest age in three forest habitats. There was significant diffence in bird diversity among habitats. The year-round bird diversity in mature forests was next to that in open forest, and highest in the marsh wetlands. There was significant difference in bird density in diffent seasons. Bird diversity over the all habitats was ranked as the following： spring〉summer〉autumn〉winter. Bird diversity was related to habitat complexity and vegetation types.