碳地质封存国内法规制的若干重要问题

On Some Legal Issues Regarding Regulation on the Activities of Carbon Capture and Storage

碳地质封存(CCS)作为持续使用传统化石燃料约束下减少温室气体排放惟一可行的技术手段已经成为国际共识,但CCS活动可能产生竞争性物权冲突以及因CO2泄露的环境和伦理风险,各国应当以规制此类风险而调试和重构监管制度和私法秩序。监管管辖权的分配主要依据被封存的CO2的性质和作用的不同定性并实行全过程监管,同时在私法上确立矿业权在竞争性不动产物权序列中的优先地位,达致所涉不动产效用的最大化,确立碳封存活动经营者侵权责任的过错推定原则和赔偿责任限额制度,在有关当事人之间实现公平正义,同时促进碳封存活动的顺利开展。

Carbon Capture and Storage （CCS） has been regarded as the only effective means by which can reduce the emission of green-house gases, however, it can bring about the conflict of competing property rights and environmental, ethic risks due to the leak of CO2. In order to mitigate those risks, the regulatory regimes and private law systems should be established. The regulatory jurisdiction shall be allotted according to the nature and roles of the storage CO2 throughout the whole process of CCS activities, meanwhile, the mineral right shall prevail over other competing property rights to fully utilize the land. The principle of presumed-default and compensation limitation shall be established to realize the justice among the stakeholders and push forward the activities of CCS.