论不能犯的判断方法

On Judgement of Incapable Crime

中外刑法理论关于不能犯的界定众说纷纭,主要是主观论与客观论的基本对立。我国通说在不能犯危险性的判断上采取的是抽象危险说,进而肯定了不能犯的犯罪性。其实,认定不能犯的关键在于认定行为是否有侵害法益的危险,因此该文以"质量并重、存在与否、身份有无、时空真假"等标准对不能犯进行具体分类,从手段、对象、主体、时空四个方面更明确地判断相关行为是否具有可罚性。

The criminal law theory varies drastically on the definition of incapable crime at home and abroad because of the antagonism between subjectivity and objectivity. The consensus affirms the crime nature of incapable crime according to the abstract danger theory. The key to identifying incapable crime is to judge whether a behavior is dangerous or not to legal interests. This paper attempts to identify incapable crime in light of four standards of “quality, existence, identity, space-time”and judge the Strafbarkeit from four aspects of means, object, subject, time and space.