我国恶意诉讼法律规制问题的探讨

A Discussion on Legal Regulation of Malicious Litigation in China

近年来,我国恶意诉讼的兴起给我国司法秩序与诚信建设带来严重损害。恶意诉讼是指诉讼当事人故意构筑虚假事实或虚构证据,利用程序来支持自己不当诉求的行为。民事诉讼中存在着立案受理制度不完善、证据审查与撤诉处理不规范、恶意诉讼的行为及后果规定不健全、第三人滥用撤销之诉等问题。总结完善我国恶意诉讼的法律规制的路径包括加强立案中的诉由、证据和法律关系的审查,完善撤诉审查制度,设立诉讼保证制度,建立恶意诉讼之侵权损害赔偿制度,明确恶意诉讼的损害赔偿范围;确立诉讼告知制度等。

The rise of malicious litigation recent years in China has done serious harm to judicial order and construction of honesty and faithfulness in society. Malicious litigation refers to the deliberate makeup of false facts or evidences to support some improper appeal through judicial process. In China now there exist such problems concerning civil litigation as the imperfection of register acceptance system, lack of standardization of evidence examination and lawsuit withdrawal, lack of laws to regulate Malicious litigation practices, abuse of the right to withdraw lawsuit by the third party. Therefore, in order to promote legal regulation of malicious prosecution in China it is necessary to strengthen the examination of appeal, evidences and legal relations, reform withdrawal review system, establish procedure guarantee system, construct malicious litigation tort damages system, dear the scope of compensation for damages from maliciou litigation and set up litigation infon-ning systera