文体即意义?——试论穆齐尔、尼采对这一问题的思考与回答

If Style Is Meaning

文体与意义具有非常重要的关联,这是被普遍接受的事实。而小说家罗伯特·穆齐尔和诗人哲学家尼采,则以他们的卓越写作实践进一步提示我们,不仅要在文体与意义之间进行思考,而且要特别关注此二者所存在的"重合"与交融现象。为此,我们有必要进入"文体即意义"——这一看似极端而又深具内涵的特殊情形。主要以长篇小说名世的穆齐尔为什么对"随笔体"格外情有独钟?哲学家尼采又为何不愿仅以论文体进行惯常的哲学写作,而要刻意进行林林总总的文体实验?这两位富于对照性的杰出作者,不遗余力地试图突破既有文体的规定性,究竟有何思想动因和目的?尝试回答上述问题,不仅可以为打通文学与思想史研究寻找一个有意义的新入口,而且有助于我们在新的层面重建诗与哲学的对话关系。

It is universally acknowledged that style and meaning are closely associated with each other. This paper is intended to discuss the very special case pertaining to these two elements when both of them go together or even fuse with each other in certain literary or philosophical works. Taking Robert Musil and Nietzsche as two comparative examples, we try to explain the reasons why Musil as one of the most famous novelists in the 20th century was much more concerned about his Essayismus or essayism, and why a poetic philosopher Nietzsche paid unusual attention to his writing styles. To both Musil and Nietzsehe, style and meaning could never be separated in their writings and thoughts. Thus, this paper might be an invitation not only to re-start the discussion about the literature and intellectual history, but also to re-open the dialogue between poetry and philosophy.