论先秦一车驾三马之制

一、汉代以来的争议 先秦时期有没有一辆车驾三匹马的制度（下文简称“驾三之制”）？这是一个自汉代以来即有争议的问题。《说文》：“骖，驾三马也。”后世辞书多所因袭。如《汉语大字典》（第2版）：“骖，独辕车所驾的三匹马。”《汉语大词典》：“骖，同驾一车的三匹马。”

The issue on whether there were a controversial one since the Han Dynasty. In recent chariots drawn by three horses in pre-Qin Period has been years, the physical chariots and horses unearthed from the pre-Qin chariot-and-horse pits and burials and the pictorial materials on the bronzes, lacquered wares, impressed bricks and stone reliefs presented many evidences of three-horse chariots. The original meaning of ＂can骖＂ was the horses beside the ＂fu服 （pole horses, which carried yokes and breast bands to draw the chariot）＂ ： of the three horses attending the chariot, two were ＂fu＂ and one was ＂can （attending horse）＂ , which usually did not carry yoke and breast band and was arranged to the left of the two ＂fu＂ horses.