当代中国失独家庭救济机制的系统建构

The Compensation of Right Restrictions:Legal Protection Mechanism of Loss-of-single-child Families

生活上无人照料、经济上丧失支援、精神上痛苦不堪、无人养老送终,是失独家庭所必须直面的多重困境,而我国对失独家庭的法律保护却几近为零。因无法突破理论和立法局限,现阶段对失独家庭进行国家赔偿并不现实,但失独补偿是政府责无旁贷的基本责任。为此,我们应该建立全方位的失独家庭救济机制:放宽失独家庭的收养条件,增设不完全收养制度;将社会抚养费全部上缴中央财政作为补偿失独家庭的主要经费来源并大幅提高补偿标准;明确失独家庭管理机构,建立专门失独者养老院;完善相应法律法规,构建制度化法律保障机制。

The loss-of-single-child families in China have reached millions, and the trend still keeps upward. Being unattended in life, losing the economical support and mental pain are the difficulties that loss-of-single-child families have to face, meanwhile the legal protection of loss-of-single-child families is almost blank. Because of the theoretical and legislative limitations, it is not realistic for state compensation now, but as the price of the restrictions of the reproductive rights, it is the basic responsibility of government to make this up. Taking the Social compensation fee as the major source of funding for compensation for the loss of the loss-of-single-child families, defining the administrative institution of loss-of-single-child families clearly, establishing special nursing homes for loss-of-single-child families, and revising relevant laws and regulations are the urgent things to do.