美国养老保险制度演进及其启示

The Evolution of Pension Insurance System of the United States and Its Enlightenment

美国养老保险制度作为世界上较为成功的养老保险制度之一有着其重要的特点,它从对城镇个别居民的社会救助逐渐发展为包含社会养老保险、雇主养老保险和个人储蓄养老保险的一种较为完善的养老保险体系,对于保障劳动者养老权益和降低美国老年人口贫困率发挥了重要的作用。养老保险制度最重要的内容是筹资模式和统筹层次,在美国养老保险制度演进过程中,这两方面在不同时期具有不同的特点,对于解决当时美国养老保险制度所面临的养老基金不足、养老保险覆盖率低以及养老保险转移接续等问题起到了积极的作用。在中国养老保险制度改革中也遇到了同样的问题,因此通过借鉴美国养老保险制度建设中的成熟经验,对中国的养老保险制度建设提出相应的政策建议。

As one of the world＇s most successful system, the old-age insurance system of the United States has its important characteristics. From the social assistance to individual residents of the town, it gradually developed into a comprehensive insurance plan, including the social insurance, employer pension insurance and individual savings insurance. It has played an important role in protecting workers＇ pension rights and reducing the elderly poverty rate. The main content of the old-age insurance system is the mode of financing and the overall level. During its evolution process, these two aspects have different features in different periods in order to solve the problems encountered, such as the shortage of the pension funds, the low insurance cover rate and the transfer of old-age pension. In the reform of the old-age insurance system, China also has encountered the same problems. By referring to the construction experiences of the old-age insurance system of the United States, some corresponding suggestions are put forward on the construction of China＇s old- age insurance system.