为什么仍应重视李嘉图?——兼论作为历史唯物主义的政治经济学批判

Why We Should Attach Importance to Ricardo?—— On the Critique of Political Economy with Historical Materialism

在今天的马克思主义哲学研究中,李嘉图并未得到充分的重视。这一方面是囿于传统马克思主义研究中哲学和政治经济学的理论分野,另一方面也受制于西方主流经济学对李嘉图和劳动价值论的偏见。实际上,以劳动价值论为核心问题,政治经济学的逻辑演进再现了现代市民社会兴起的历史进程。李嘉图围绕价值问题对斯密所进行的批判及其失败结果,反映了政治经济学在掩盖资本剥削这一真实上的自反性本质。马克思正是借助李嘉图,最终完成了对于资本主义社会内在结构及其历史运转的科学解剖。重视李嘉图,有助于全面理解作为历史唯物主义的政治经济学批判的哲学方法论意义。

Ricardo does not receive sufficient attention in today＇ s study of philosophy of Marxism for two rea- sons： the traditional distinction between philosophy and political economy in the study of Marxism on the one hand, and the bias of Western mainstream economics against Ricardo and labor value on the other. In fact, with the core issue of the labor theory of value, the logical evolution of political economy reproduces the historical pro- cess of the rise of modem civil society. Ricardo＇ s criticism of Smith and the failure results centering on the above issue are a representation of the fact that political economy conceals its reflective nature of capital exploitation. With Ricardo, Marx finally finished the scientific anatomy of the internal structure of capitalist society. The study of Ricardo helps us fully understand the methodological significance of the critique of political economy with his- torical materialism.