基本养老保险给付水平适度调整研究——以“基本生活”保障为统筹目标的思考

A Research on the Basic Old-age Insurance Payment Level Adjustment——Based on the Basic Living Security Target

笔者根据恩格尔系数对生活水平的划分,结合我国社会基本养老保险政策,以保障老年"基本生活"为目标,以基本养老保险给付适度水平评价为基础,构建城乡基本养老保险指数化调整方案,考察现行城乡三种基本养老保险方案给付水平及其近年调整的适度性。研究表明,城镇职工基本养老保险给付水平近年稳中略升且始终高于"基本生活"需求,而城镇居民基本养老保险不仅现期保障能力低于"基本生活"需求且缺乏适当的调整方案;新型农村基本养老保险方案设计水平可保障老年农民"基本生活",但由于缺乏调整方案而保障能力呈下降趋势。据此,为了推动城乡基本养老保险制度可持续发展,则应以保障目标——"基本生活"需求为标准构建城乡居民基本养老保险给付的指数化调整方案,通过调整使城乡三种基本养老保险方案的相对保障水平逐步趋同。

As the Engel coefficient on living standards division, according to China＇ s basic pension insurance policy for the elderly ＂basic life＂ goal, the author constructs an endowment insurance index adjustment scheme to observe the current three basic old-age in- surance scheme payment level and the moderate adjustment to them in recent years. Empirical results show that, in the towns, the level of the basic old-age insurance payment standard of the urban workers is always higher than the ＂basic life demand＂ in recent years, and the basic endowment insurance of the urban residents is not only the capacity lower than the ＂basic＂ demand and lack of appropri- ate adjustment scheme; in the countryside, the new rural basic old-age insurance scheme designs an elderly farmer ＂basic life＂, but its support ability would decline because of the lack of adjustment scheme. Accordingly, in order to ensure the elderly ＂basic life＂, the government should take the ＂basic living demand＂ as the standard to construct the basic old-age insurance index adjustment scheme, and make the relative level of three types of basic endowment insurance gradually converge through the adiustment.