初中物理理解能力考查的实践与思考

Practice and Thinking on Junior Middle School Students' Ability to Understand Physics

目前,初中物理理解能力的考查主要集中在对物理概念的认识、解释与应用三个方面,存在一定的局限性。文章遵循由浅入深、由片面到全面、由低层次到高层次的理解发展过程从"是什么"、"为什么"、"怎么样"三个方面阐述对物理知识的理解层次。对初中生物理理解能力的考查评价应通过学生自评、学生互评和教师评价等多样化的方式进行设计。尤其是教师应通过多种渠道、多种方式收集学生学习情况的相关信息,设计相适应的考查方案,以评估检测学生的理解状况,包括:收集并分析学生在理解活动中的卡片、设计方案、回信、调查报告等,利用思维导图让学生画出知识网络图、结构图等。在中考中对理解能力的考查应有层次,以利于鉴别不同层次学生的实际理解能力水平。

At present,the study of junior middle school students＇ ability to understand physics is concentrated mainly on such three aspects as the understanding,interpretation and application of physical concepts,which has certain limitations. This paper tries to explain the understanding levels of the development process of physical knowledge,from ＂what＂,＂why＂ to ＂how＂,from unilateral to comprehensive and from low level to high level. The evaluation of junior middle school students＇ ability to understand physics should be designed by including such various ways as students＇ self- evaluation,students＇ mutual evaluation and teachers＇ evaluation. Teachers particularly should collect information about the situation of students＇ learning through various channels,designing corresponding test plans to evaluate students＇ understanding of what they have learnt,including collecting and analyzing the cards in their understanding activities,designing plans,answering letters,surveys and so on and asking the student to draw a knowledge network and diagram with the help of the mind map. Testing students＇ understanding of physics in the Junior High School Graduation Test should include different levels in order to help identify the actual different comprehension levels of the student.