云南民族区域自治实践中的协商民主

The Deliberative Democracy in the Practice of Regional Ethnic Autonomy in Yunnan

云南省具有民族、人文、地理上"复合多元性"的特点。通过对云南省民族区域自治制度及其实践的研究,认为其最成功之处是:通过民族区域自治的组织机构、工作机制和价值理念的设立及运用,将处于不同社会形态,具有不同政治结构、行政形态、文化类型和经济发展阶段的充满复合多元性的不同民族,凝聚成同一社会形态——社会主义社会制度下——有着几乎完全相同的政权组织形式、行政建制和政治文化的"国家的民族"。从云南的实践反映出,我国的民族区域自治制度,从其产生、发展和运行的实际过程来看,更多的是一种协商民主框架,各民族(包括当地汉族)平等参与政治,促成中华民族的一体化政治构建。民族区域自治制度在云南的这种实践,不仅有助于我们在更深的层面上理解这一制度对于中国现代主权国家建设的重大意义,而且从世界范围来看,它也为存在着多民族或多元文化的国家成功进行国家建设和解决认同问题提供了重要借鉴。

Yunnan province is a district with multi-complexity including ethnicity,humanity,and geography.Through the study of the system of regional ethnic autonomy in Yunnan province and its practice,the paper points out that its most successful aspect is as follows;The establishment and application of organizational institution,working mechanism and value idea of regional ethnic autonomy integrate different forms of society as well as the different ethnic groups with multi-complexity which means different political structures,administrative patterns,cultural types,and stages of economic development into the same form of society,namely ' national ethnicity' with almost the same form of political organization,administrative system,and political culture under socialist social system.Through its practice in Yunnan,the system of regional ethnic autonomy in China,to a greater extent,is a Deliberative Democracy framework,which means all ethnic groups(including the local Han people) have the equal rights in participation in political activities to contribute to the political construction of Chinese nation from the point of view of its actual process of the development and operation.Its practice in Yunnan,not only helps us understand the system's significance for building the modern sovereign of China in a deeper level,but also provides an important reference for the successful construction of nation and realization of ethnic identity within a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural country from a global perspective.