藏传佛教寺院的供养结构——云南德钦噶丹·羊八景林寺的个案分析

The Economic Support Structure of Tibetan Buddhism Temple:A Case Study of Ganden Yangcan Phuntshogling Monastery in Deqin County,Yunnan Province

历史上,藏传佛教寺院主要是从国民收入的初次分配和再次分配两种渠道中获取供养来源的。与噶厦和世俗贵族相比较,藏传佛教寺院在藏传佛教宇宙观大背景浸润下,其供养方式大都获得了自主自愿的柔性外形。在当代,如云南德钦噶丹·羊八景林寺这样的传统藏传佛教寺院,则完全依靠从国民收入再分配中获取供养,展现出更为强烈和浓厚的宗教情结和信仰基础。寺院供养直接与当地社会的日常生活、文化氛围、信仰情结相关联,深刻折射着藏族社会结构的演变。

Historically,Tibetan Buddhist temples obtained their economic support mainly from the primary distribution and redistribution of the national revenue.Unlike that of the Tibetan local government and the Tibetan secular aristocracy,the economic support structure of Tibetan Buddhist temples displayed a flexible and voluntary form under the influence of the Tibetan Buddhist cosmology.In the contemporary era,Tibetan Buddhist temples,such as Ganden Yangcan Phuntshogling monastery in Deqin county,Yunnan province,made their income completely from the redistribution of the national revenue,showing a relatively more intense and deep religious complex and belief foundation.The economic support of the monastery was directly related to the daily life,cultural environment,and religious structure of the local society,also reflected the evolution of Tibetan social structure.