“种族”与政治:晚清宗室寿富之死及其回响

Race and Politics:the Death of Shou Fu and Its Historical Echo

有"宗室特出之英"之誉的寿富面临甲午变局,应时而动,其因宗室身份,预设发言对象主要为旗人,而关心焦点仍在一朝一国之变法图存,非为"种族"问题。质言之,新旧之争高于满汉之别。他又强调"尊君亲上"、"君臣大义",变法同时不废纲常,恪守伦理。至庚子事起,黄、白种族之争压过满汉差别,值家国危亡之际,寿富遗嘱"虽讲西学,并未降敌",毅然选择身殉。晚清君权的至上性以及由此派生的君权与制度的一体性,使得在观念中以国家为至上的变法维新,其实际过程多依傍君权。进入20世纪,在近代国家观念冲击下,"民权"之说渐兴,复因清代君权与"种族"问题相缠绕,唤起满汉之辨。本文考订寿富自杀前后史事,由"种族"与政治的双重视野追问其历史意味,以期对晚清满汉关系有更为深刻的理解。

Shou Fu,a member of the royal clan of the late Qing dynasty,mainly concerned the political reform of the country,rather than the Manchuria race problem.He advocated the monarchical power,and thought that the political reform should be led by the imperial power.In the 20 th century,the ethnic contradiction of Manchu and Han became more and more prominent,in addition,the Manchu reformists was increasingly marginalized and became the target of revolution.In the double vision of race and politics,the death of Shou Fu was of special meaning.