历史主义还是工具主义——论科学合理性的危机

Historicism or Instrumentalism: On the Crisis of Scientific Rationality

历史主义转向之后,科学哲学面临着采用工具主义合理性还是接受历史主义而放弃对合理性追求的两难局面,造成了所谓的科学合理性危机。但是,这种两选一的对立局面建立在错误的理论预设之上。超越这种对立局面首先要求不再将科学合理性建立在某些普遍适用的规则之上,其次要求扩展对科学实践中的认识论规范的理解。以实践为中心的科学哲学为我们提供了更广泛地理解认知规范的可能性,从而建立一种与历史主义相容的科学合理性观。

After the historicist turn, philosophy of science faces a dilemma of whether to adop instrumentalist rationality or to abandon the notion of scientific rationality while adopting histcricism, a difficult situation that leads to the so - called ＂the crisis of rationality＂. The dilemma, however, is based on some questionable assumptions. It is not sustainable if we do not reduce the scientific rationality to some universally applicable rules, such as the logical or mathematical supports of evidence to theories, or the rules of optimizing the mean - end relation, but adopt a broader notion of epistemic norms in scientific practices. A philosophy centered on practices may help us to characterize this broader notion of epistemic norms and to find a scientific rationality compatible with the historicism.