中国羊毛国际竞争力及其影响因素研究

Study on International Competitiveness and Influencing Factors of China Wool

中国是世界羊毛生产大国，羊毛产业是中国草原畜牧业的重要支柱，也是中国少数民族地区的主要特色产业。本文采用国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和显示性比较优势指数对1980～2011年中国羊毛国际竞争力进行测算并与其他主要国家进行比较，进一步分析中国羊毛国际竞争力的影响因素。研究结果表明：中国原毛一直不具有国际竞争力，洗净毛曾具有国际竞争力，近年来原毛和洗净毛的国际竞争力均在不断下降；生产要素、生产经营方式、市场需求、政府扶持政策等是影响中国羊毛国际竞争力的主要因素。最后根据研究结论，就健全和完善中国羊毛国际竞争力增强长效机制提出相应的政策建议。

China is a big country of wool production. The wool industry is an important part of grassland livestock husbandry and the major industry with local characteristics in the minority areas in China. By using world market share, trade competitiveness index, and revealed comparative advantage index, this paper estimated the international competitiveness of wool in China from 1980 to 2011 and compared with other major countries, and then further analyzed the influencing factors of the international competitiveness of wool in China. The results indicated that greasy wool didn＇t have international competitiveness, degreased wool ever had international competitiveness, and their international competi- tiveness was both further weakening in recent years. Production factors, mode of production and management, market demand, and government support policies were the main influence factors of the international competitiveness of wool in China. At last, this paper proposed corresponding policy recommendations to improve the long-term mechanism of strengthening the international competitiveness of wool in China based on the research results.