嵌入视角下的生态移民可持续发展

The Sustainability of Eco-Migration:A Perspective of Embeddedness

基于嵌入理论和移民研究,提出生态移民迁移模型,从过程视角将移民迁移划分为脱嵌、嵌入和可持续发展3个阶段。生态移民从原居住地迁出实际上是一个与原有社会经济文化联系脱嵌的过程,由此带来的风险是移民在安置地边缘化的主要原因。为了实现与安置地的社会融合,生态移民需要从经济、社会和心理等方面嵌入安置地社区。实现生态移民的可持续发展,一方面应确保移民享有平等权利、免受歧视;另一方面要充分发挥移民个体的能动作用,鼓励移民积极参与安置地社区建设,发展社区社会资本和多元文化,推动社区跨越式变革。

Based on the theory of embeddedness and the literature of migration, this paper devel- ops an eco-migration model, which separates process of migration into three steps including disembed-dedness, embeddedness and sustainability. The displacement is a process of disembeddedness with former socio-economic and cultural connections, and results in numerous risks, which make the displaced population marginalize in settlement community. Embeddedness, including economic, social and psychological aspects, is a useful measure for eco-immigrants to integrate with local community. On the one hand, eco-immigrants should secure equal rights without discrimination related to displacement; on the other hand, eco-immigrants should become an active individual, contribute to community establishment, and develop social capital and multiculture so as to accomplish fundamental reform in settlement community.