地震资料处理保幅性评价方法综述与探讨

The summary and discussion of amplitude preservation evaluation method in seismic data processing

地震资料保幅处理是指在保持原始地震资料有效反射地震信息不发生相对畸变的前提下,采用合理有效的处理手段来提升地震资料品质的过程,保幅性地震资料处理的结果体现在对反射子波波形特征和反射系数特征的相对保持上。基于对前人研究成果的梳理与分析,确定了5大类地震资料处理技术的保幅性评价准则,利用模型数据及实际地震资料对多种保幅性评价方法进行了综述与探讨,包括残差分析法、时频分析法、振幅曲线对比法、振幅比计算法、子波一致性分析法、沿层地震属性分析法、AVO属性分析法、切片分析法、合成记录对比法等9种方法,明确了这些评价方法的地球物理意义及适用性,形成了一套较为完善的地震资料处理保幅性评价系统,为地震资料处理中选择保幅处理模块、构建保幅处理流程、评价处理成果的保幅性提供了依据。

In the condition of non-relative distortion of the original seismic reflection, seismic data amplitude-preserved processing improves the quality of seismic data with effective and rational processing techniques. Results of the amplitude preservation processing are shown in the relative retention of the features of seismic wavelet and reflection coefficient. Based on the summary and analysis of previous study results, the amplitude preservation evaluation criteria for the five categories of seismic data processing technology are identified. A variety of amplitude preservation evaluation methods are reviewed and analyzed based on model data and real seismic data, which inelude residual analysis,time-frequency analysis, amplitude curve contrast, computation of the ratio of amplitude, wavelet consistency analysis, layered seismic attributes analysis, AVO attributes analysis, slice analysis and synthetic seismogram comparison. Geophysical significance and applicability of these evaluation methods are recognized and a more perfect evaluation system of amplitude preservation of seismic data processing is formed. It provides the basis for selecting amplitude-preserved processing module, building amplitude-preserved processing flow and evaluating the amplitude preservation of processing results.