微小RNA对结核病发生发展及早期诊断的潜在价值

The potential value of microRNA in the development of tuberculosis and its early diagnosis

结核病是单一致病菌感染引起死亡人数最多的疾病，严重危害人类的身体健康。微小RNA（miRNA）是一类含有21～25个核苷酸的小分子非编码RNA，通过抑制转录后基因表达或促进靶基因mRNA降解，在细胞的增殖、分化、衰老和凋亡中发挥重要作用。最近，大量研究发现miRNA参与调节结核感染后细胞的凋亡、促炎症因子的表达、炎症相关信号通路等活动，有可能成为结核诊断的新型检测指标。（中华检验医学杂岙，2014，37：330-333）

Tuberculosis a disease with the highest death rate by single pathogenic infection can cause serious harm to human health. MicroRNA （miRNA） is a classical single-stranded, short RNA molecules （about 21 to 25 nucleotides） that plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, senescence and apoptosis by inhibiting the post-transcriptional gene expression or promoting degradation of target gene mRNA. Recent studies have shown that miRNA involved in the regulation of apoptosis, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammation-related signaling pathways in tuberculosis infection. Meanwhile, miRNA may be a new biomarker for tuberculosis diagnosis. （Chin J Lab Med, 2014,37： 330- 333）