晚清海关促进洋员汉语学习的政策措施研究

Southeast Asia;existing Chinese-language textbooks;development strategies for compiling Chinese-language textbooks

文章对近代中国的晚清海关促进汉语学习的政策措施进行了研究。在赫德、安格联两任总税务司的大力倡导和积极推动下,海关洋员汉语学习取得了明显成效。赫德率先把推进洋员汉语学习作为战略决策,以强制方式在海关推行汉语学习,安格联则较好延续了赫德的做法。海关洋员汉语学习与考试聘用、选拔晋升、奖金津贴、教育培训、考绩报告等政策制度紧密结合,使汉语学习成为强制性或体制性的需求,具有组织化、制度化的明显特点,对当今汉语国际教育与推广有着现实启示意义。

The Customs in the late Qing Dynasty was a special institution.Remarkable results were obtained from the foreign staff＆#39;s learning Chinese under the vigorous promotion by Sir Robert Hart and Francis Arthur Aglen,two Inspector-Generals of Chinese Maritime Customs Service.Sir Robert Hart initially imposed Chinese learning on foreign staff,taking it as a strategy that was later succee-ded by Sir Francis Arthur Aglen.Chinese learning was closely connected with such policies as exam-based employment,appointment,bonus benefits,education and training,achievement reports,etc., thus rendering Chinese learning a necessity forcibly or institutionally with organizational and institu-tional features,which has much significance to the international promotion of Chinese education all o-ver the world nowadays.