内陆河流域不同播期对春玉米土壤温度及生物量的影响

Effect of Sowing Date on Maize Soil Temperature and Biological Spring Inland River Basin

土壤温度是限制玉米高产的主要环境因子,为了寻求合理的播种时间,使玉米生长发育处于适宜的土壤温度环境中,从而保证干物质的积累和产量的形成。通过在内陆河流域代表区域武威开展不同播期对大田地膜春玉米进行试验,采用全生育期连续定点观测春玉米发育期、产量结构和20 cm、40 cm两个深度的土壤温度变化,分析了不同播期对春玉米生物量和土壤温度的影响。结果表明:营养生长期不同播期处理各层次地温均随生育进程的推进呈逐渐升高的趋势,拔节之后即进入生殖生长期,地温呈降低趋势。第二播期(4月20日)生长状况好,干物质累积量高,尤其是乳熟期和成熟期差异明显(P<0.05)。第二期产量构成优于第三期(4月30日)和第一期(4月10日)。第二播期处理,可以在苗期获得较高的地温,土壤增温明显,而在拔节期以后可保证适当较低的温度,从而保证干物质积累时间和产量结构的形成,是当地最适宜的地膜春玉米播种期。第一播期生物量则表现最差,说明正常情况下作物适当提前播期,延长生长期的做法在玉米的生产上是有一定风险的。

Soil temperature is a major environmental factor limiting maize production, in order to seek the reasonable sowing time, the growth and development of maize in soil appropriate temperature environment, so as to ensure the formation of dry matter accumulation and yield. The representative of Wuwei inland river basin area of different sowing dates were tested in field mulched spring maize, the change of soil temperature in the whole growth period of continuous observation of spring maize growth period, yield structure and 20 cm, 40 cm two depth, analyzed the effect of different sowing dates on spring maize biomass and soil temperature. The results showed that： the vegetative growth stage of different sowing date treatment at various levels of temperature with the advance of growth and development was gradually increased trend, after the jointing stage to enter the reproductive growth stage, the temperature decrease. Sowing good second growth, dry matter accumulation was high, especially between the milky stage and mature stage significantly（P0.05）. Second yield was better than third period and the first period. The second sowing date, could obtain higher temperatureat seedling stage, soil warming was obvious, but in the jointing stage and then ensures a proper low temperature, so as to ensure the formation of dry matter accumulation and yield structure, was the most appropriate mulched spring sowing. The first sowing date biomass was the worst performance, indicated that the crop under normal circumstances appropriate early sowing date, prolong the growth period was the practice of a certain risk in maize production.