集装箱起重机结构的安全风险管理方法研究

Risk management of container cranes stuctures

为防止集装箱起重机结构因疲劳而突发断裂失效的安全生产事故,需建立合理的安全风险管理方法。基于结构健康监测(SHM)信息(应变-时间历程)和已有的试验数据,利用裂纹稳态扩展的Paris公式,引入反映集装箱起重机工作特点的双概率谱以考虑起吊集装箱重量和小车运行幅度的随机性,提出安全风险管理的关键参量即巡检周期,并给出其计算方法。最后通过实际案例介绍确定巡检部位的具体方法和巡检周期在安全风险管理中的应用过程。结果表明,利用监测数据与双概率谱,能够确定起重机结构的检测部位、巡检周期,有利于企业实施有效安全风险管理。

In order to prevent container crane structure from fatigue failure,a structural risk management process was worked out. A concept of periodic inspection interval,as the key risk management parameter in the management,was formulated based on Paris＇ law by considering both load probability and position probability. A load probability spectrum and a position probability spectrum were constructed to reflect containers loading and unloading characteristics. At last a real case was analyzed to explain how to identify positions to be inspected and how to use the inspection interval in the management. It is concluded that inspection interval can be calculated on basis of SHM data obtained in the field to guide risk management of crane structure scientifically.