灾害情况下城市路段阻抗性人群应急疏散研究

Study on crowd evacuation with impedance characteristics from urban road network in disaster

为在城市灾害中组织受灾人群有序地快速疏散,减少人员伤亡,研究城市路网中具有阻抗性特征的典型疏散情况。以疏散总时间为最短设置目标函数,建立灾害情况下城市大规模人群应急疏散时的多疏散源模型。模型中考虑了路段阻抗因素,使模型更接近实际情况。基于模型的复杂性,采用粒子群算法对该模型进行求解。结果表明,在城市灾害应急疏散过程中,需要注意关键节点处的疏散,且由于疏散路网中的路段容量限制,需注意关键路段的疏散过程,以避免发生拥挤踩踏等事件。

In order to orderly organize quick evacuation of disaster area population and reduce loss of casualties after urban disasters,the typical evacuation with impedance characteristics of urban road network is studied. By setting objective function as shortest evacuation time,the multi sources model of large populations＇ emergency evacuation under urban disasters is established,and model takes road impedance factors into account,which make the model close to actual situation. And based on complexity of the model,the particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the model. The results suggest that key nodes of road network need to be paid attention in the process of urban disaster emergency evacuation,and for link capacity constraints in the evacuation network,the evacuation processes of key sections also need to be paid attention to avoid congestion and trample events.