原始主义在西方现代主义文学中的应用——以劳伦斯小说为中心

The Application of Primitivism in Western Modernist Literature and Its Related Problems: Based on Lawrence's Novels

原始主义作为一种将古代、原始社会及其本质属性理想化的话语体系,在西方现代主义文学中发挥着非常重要的作用:人的非理性心理活动被看成是原始性的积淀;而现代人身上被压抑的本能欲望,可以通过与原始文明的相遇或回到原始文明中去而被激发出来。劳伦斯小说中对原始主义的应用有三种形式:其一是把远古时代理想化,其二是把意大利"原始化",其三是美洲想象。三种原始主义引领着劳伦斯的视野走出英国、超越欧洲,与异域原始文明相遇,成为他为陷入危机的西方现代文明提供的救赎之道。但滥用原始主义也对普适的道德价值观构成严重挑战。我们既要肯定现代主义文学利用原始主义的正面价值,也要正视其负面的影响。

Primitivism, a discourse system to idealise ancient and primitive society and its essential features, plays a very significant part in Western Modernist literature. People＇ s irrational psychological movements can be taken as the result of primitive accumulation, and the suppressed instinctive desires in modern people can be released through an encounter with or a return to primitive civilisation. The application of primitivism in Lawrence＇ s novels takes three different forms： first, the idealisation of ancient times; second, the ＂primitivisation＂ of Italy; third, American imagination. These three different forms of primitivism enable Lawrence＇ s scope to move beyond Britain and Europe and to meet with exotic primitive civilisations, and they have become a redemption offered by Lawrence to a Western civilisation that has been in crisis. However, the overuse of primitivism can be a serious challenge to universal moral and value system. We should, on the one hand, acknowledge the positive value of use of primitivism in Modernist literature, and, on the other, realise the negative influences primitivism may bring about.