中国的家庭化迁居模式

Family Migration Pattern in China

中国家庭化迁居寓于世界人口流动浪潮中,具有与国外家庭迁移相似的共同性,还体现出因户籍制度、土地制度等结构性因素而带来的特殊性。文章分析了文化与制度因素对家庭化迁居产生的交互作用,认为传统的文化伦理使农村家庭倾向于举家迁徙,但是在制度方面,土地制度安排使农村家庭呈现分离迁居的趋势,户籍管理制度降低了家庭在城市定居的可能性。与西方国家在工业化过程中的家庭迁移进行了比较研究,认为中西方家庭在家庭迁居的决策周期、决策过程、迁居方向、迁居方式与时序上均有差异。最后,本文将家庭化迁居的模式总结为,在宏观层面是"累积因果关系"断裂的模式;在微观层面,农村家庭呈现在文化与制度的中介效应下的多元阶段式迁居模式。

As a part of the world migration trends, China＇s family migration reflects the common grounds of family migration across the world, and also manifests the particularity resulting from house- hold registration system and land system of China. Influenced by the traditional family culture, Chinese rural families tend to conduct whole family migration. But the household registration system and land system reduce the possibility of settling down in cities. This paper analyzes the interaction between cul- ture and institution of Chinese family migration. Comparing China＇s family migration with the internal mi- gration in Western countries during industrial revolution, there are many differences in decision-making cycle, decision-making process, migration direction, timing and order. In a macro perspective, Chinese family migration pattern can be described as being ＂cumulative causation broken＂, while in a mi- cro perspedive; it involves ＂multiplicity and multi-stages migration strategy＂ with the mediating effect of culture and institution.