山东省青州市小学生近视患病率调查

Current status of myopia among primary schoolchildren in the city of Qingzhou

目的 了解山东省青州市小学生近视患病现况,为防治工作提供依据.方法 横断面调查.按青州市地理结构特点分为城区、平原丘陵、山区3类地区,以学校为抽样单位,分层整群按比例抽样,共抽查12个学校7 169人,实查7 086人.结果 本市小学生近视患病率为20.23％,城区、平原丘陵、山区分别为25.75％、17.02％、17.92％,经多个率的卡方检验,3个区患病率差异有统计学意义（x2=68.9586,P＜0.01）,城区高于平原丘陵地区和山区（x2=68.3740,P＜0.01）.一～六年级近视患病率分别是3.64％、6.43％、11.64％、19.57％、30.09％、40.29％,各年级患病率有差异,年级越高,患病率越高（x=804.4739,P＜0.01）.本市小学生近视患病率男生为17.90％,女生为22.77％,女生高于男生（x=26.2603,P＜0.01）.结论 山东省青州市小学生近视的患病率较高.城区高于平原丘陵、山区,高年级高于低年级,女生高于男生.

Objective To provide a basis for prevention and treatment by investigating eye health status among primary school students in the city of Qingzhou.Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to divide the students into three-tiers based on geographical location：urban,hilly plains and mountain areas.A stratified cluster was established with a proportional sampling by school unit：7 169 individuals from 12 primary schools were used in the sample.Results The prevalence of myopia in the sample population of primary school students in the city of Qingzhou was 20.23％.The prevalences in urban,hilly plains and mountain areas were 25.75％,17.02％ and 17.92％,respectively.A multiple rate chi-square test showed the differences in the prevalence among the three districts were statistically significant （x2=68.9586,P＜0.01）.The prevalence in urban areas was higher than that in hilly plains and mountain areas （x2=68.3740,P＜0.01）.The prevalences of myopia from grade one to grade six were 3.64％,6.43％,11.64％,19.57％,30.09％,and 40.29％.The prevalence was different for different grades,the higher the grade,the higher the prevalence （x2=804.4739,P＜0.01）.In this survey,the prevalence of myopia was 17.90％ for boys and 22.77％ for girls.There was a higher prevalence among girls than boys （x2=26.2603,P＜0.01）.Conclusion The results of the investigation show a high prevalence of myopia among primary school students in the city of Qingzhou.Prevalence was highest in urban areas; factoring in age,prevalence was higher in the higher grades; from a gender perspective,prevalence was higher for girls than for boys.These results provide a baseline for in-depth primary eye disease prevention and control.