纽约学派文化批评的三个维度——以美国新批评派为参照

The Research of the New York School's Cultural Criticism ——Compared With the American New Criticism

纽约学派以其坚守的一种与众不同的文化批评事业,形成了一个与美国新批评派并存的批评家集群。关于纽约学派的研究,既是对美国新批评派的共时研究,也是对西方文学批评思想的进一步考察。纽约学派秉持了文化激进主义的精神内核,力主马克思主义批评与现代主义文学的结合,扮演了美国知识阶层的核心角色。他们恪守知识分子身份,坚持独立思考和独立表达,关注文学的伦理向度和审美价值,主张文学批评必须介入历史。他们要改变美国文学复兴为党派政治和形式美学所干扰的现状,在传统美国文学的重新发现和现代欧洲文学的艺术创新的基础上创建新的美国文学。

The New York School clung to a cause of cultural criticism different from other contemporary tendencies and formed a clique coexisting with the New Criticism in America. Therefore, studies on the New York School also serve as a synchronic analysis of the American New Criticism and a further investigation on Western literary criticism. The New York School upheld the core spirit of cultural radicalism and advocated the combination of Marxist criticism and modernistic literature, playing a central role in the American intelligentsia. They stuck to their role as intellectuals, insisted on independent thinking and independent expressing, paid attention to ethical and aesthetic values of literature and contended that literary criticism should play a part in history. They sought to change the current situation of American literary renaissance being molested by partisan politics and formal esthetics and to create the new American literature on the basis of the rediscovery of traditional American literature and the artistic innovation of modern European literature.