马克思对资本“悖论”的批判和诊断

Marx's Criticism and Diagnosis of the “Paradox”of Capital

在《资本论》第一卷中,马克思对资本主义的洞悉主要是通过对资本"悖论"的揭示和批判来完成的。资本悖论体现在资本主义社会是一个文明与野蛮共生、进步与退化并存、自由与奴役相伴、财富与贫穷一同积累、相对过剩人口和劳动折磨一同增长的世界,同时,资本的自反性决定了资本主义生产的真正限制是资本自身。现代性是资本运作的产物,马克思对资本悖论的批判其实是对现代性的批判,它本身也是现代性精神的组成部分。马克思对资本悖论的诊断结论是资本主义必定灭亡。马克思的诊断是正确的,他所批判的那个原始的资本主义确实已灭亡了,取而代之的是受马克思主义冲击已洗心革面、逐渐社会主义化了的资本主义。尽管如此,资本的逐利天性没有改变,资本悖论依然存在并影响着资本统治的世界,资本主义社会依然存在很多问题和新的矛盾。因此,马克思对资本悖论的剖析依然具有伟大的意义和持久的影响力。

In the first volume of Capital, Marx＇s and criticizing the ＂paradox＂ of capital. The paradox insight into capitalism is mainly completed through revealing of capital suggests that capitalist society is a world in which not only civilization and savage symbiose, progress and degradatio also wealth and poverty accumulate together, and relative surplus n coexist, freedom and slavery accompany, but population and the torture of labor grow at the same time. Simultaneously, the reflexivity of capital determines that capital itself is the real factor that limits the capitalist production. Modernity is the product of the operation of capital, therefore Marx＇s criticism of the paradox of capital is actually a critique of modernity while his criticism of the paradox of capital itself is part of the spirit of modernity. Marx＇s diagnosis on the paradox of capital is that capitalism must perish, which is proved correct. The original capitalism he criticized in Capital has indeed perished and was replaced by the capitalism which has turned over a new leaf and been gradually socialized by the impact of Marxism. Nevertheless, the profit nature of capital has not c problems hanged and the paradox of capital still exists and affects the capital-ruling world, so there are still many and new contradictions. Marx＇s analysis on the paradox of capital is still of great significance.