普特南社会资本理论评述

A Review of Putnam's Theory of Social Capital

普特南早期著作认为,正是社会资本的不同导致了意大利南部和北部制度改革的不同结果。中期著作则对美国社会资本的衰落作了实证分析。近期著作对世界主要发达国家社会资本的状况作了探讨,指出在大部分国家社会资本总体衰落的情况下,瑞典、日本等国社会资本状况持续良好。在此过程中,他也提出了社会资本的定义和测量方法,形成了学术界经常使用的"普特南框架"。由于普特南社会资本研究的巨大影响,在政治学、经济学、社会学、心理学甚至社会医学等领域形成了对社会资本研究的热潮。

Putnam＇s early works has shown that it is the difference in social capital that leads to the difference in system reform between the nonth and south of Italy. The works in his middle stage has analysed the fall of social capital in the U. S. A. His recent works has studied the social capital of the world＇s major developed countries. He pointed out that the social capital in Sweden and Japan has well developed when the social capital in other countries falls. It the process, he proposed the definition and measurement method of social capital and formed the Putnam＇s Framework. Due to the great influence of Putnam＇s researches into social capital, scholars started to do research into social capital in politics, economics, sociology and social medicine.