西方自然法思想的历史探析

Historical Analysis of Western Natural Law

西方自然法思想发轫于古希腊、承接于古罗马,经历了中世纪神学与世俗二元化张力的裂变、融合。文艺复兴与新教改革之后,近代古典自然法理论得以系统化、世俗化。自然法有力地批判了中世纪神学对人类思想的禁锢,对于近代民族国家的形成、宪制的建立作用巨大。自然法思想无法在现实中完全实现,但没有自然法对现实人定法的规范、制约,人定法下的机械的价值中立将无法祛除人类精神意志的茫然或虚无。自然法思想对于近代国际法、法律正义与人权理念具有重要意义,对于宪法即"法上之法"的形成作用尤为明显。

Western classical natural law Began in Ancient Greece,Undertook in Ancient Rome,Experienced fission and fusion of Dualistic tension in Medieval theology and Secular. After the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation,Modern classical natural law Achieved Systems and secular. Modern classical natural law Strongly criticized that the medieval theology Confine Human thought. It plays an important role in Modern Nation- state and Establishment of Constitutional Democracy,Natural Law can not be fully realized in reality,but If there are no Natural law on the statute of reality and human titration,Mechanical value neutrality Can not get rid of sense of loss and emptiness in Spirit and will,Natural law is foundation of Modern international law,Legal justice and Concept of human rights, For the formation of Constitution that ＂ law of law＂ is particularly evident.