南昌市艾溪湖和瑶湖鸟类多样性初步研究

Preliminary Studies of the Bird Diversity in Aixi and Yaohu Lake in Nanchang City

2012年11月至2013年3月,采用样线和样点法对南昌市艾溪湖和瑶湖鸟类多样性进行了初步调研,共记录鸟类10目30科65种,其中,艾溪湖共记录鸟类56种,瑶湖42种。鸟类居留型上,留鸟和冬候鸟最多,分别占鸟类物种总数的55.38%和29.23%。鸟类区系类型上,古北界鸟类种类最多,占41.54%,其次是东洋界鸟类,占32.31%。优势种为丝光椋鸟(Sturnus sericeus)和红嘴鸥(Larus ridibundus)。瑶湖与艾溪湖优势种不同,主要是由于艾溪湖拥有大片林区,吸引了大量的丝光椋鸟。瑶湖鸟类多样性较艾溪湖高,两地多样性指数分别为2.033 8和1.785 2,均匀度指数分别为0.487 2和0.443 5。造成艾溪湖多样性偏低的主要原因是艾溪湖丝光椋鸟数量占总鸟种数比例大,降低了其鸟类多样性。

From November 2012 to March 2013, the birds diversity in Aixi and Yaohu Lake were investigated by line transects and point counts methods. A total of 65 species belonging to 30 families 10 orders were recorded. There were 56 species in Aixi Lake and 42 species in Yaohu Lake. Residents and winter migrants were the most abundant species, accounting for 55.38% and 29.23% of total species, respectively. In term of avifauna, Palaearctic elements accounting for 41.54% were the most common species, followed by Oriental elements（32.31%）. The dominant species were Silky starling（Sturnus sericeus） and Black-headed Gull（Larus ridibundus）. The dominant species in Aixi and Yaohu Lake was different, mainly due to large tracts of forest in Aixi Lake attracting many Silky starling. The bird diversity index and evenness index in Yaohu Lake were higher than those in Aixi Lake（the former H=2.033 8, E=0.487 2; the latter H=1.785 2, E=0.443 5）. The large proportion of Silky starling in total bird number might be the main reason of lower diversity in Aixi Lake.