河南省巩义市不同坡度下的耕地景观格局分析

Farmland Landscape Pattern at Different Slope Gradients in the Gongyi City,Henan Province

选取巩义市为研究区,利用ArcGIS软件生成五个坡度等级的耕地景观格局,剖析各坡度内耕地的景观格局特征,探讨人类活动对其干扰情况.结果表明：研究区耕地景观以水浇地和一般旱地为主,间作果木旱地镶嵌分布于两大景观要素中,且各坡度内耕地景观要素分布差异显著;水浇地主要分布在〈15°坡度条件下,斑块大且连片分布;一般旱地集中分布于2°～15°坡度内,人类干扰强度与频度较低,土地利用程度不高;间作果木旱地斑块有效面积小,正逐步向果木园地过渡;坡度2°～6°和6°～15°是耕地的两个主要分布坡度级,是实现研究区耕地资源可持续利用的关键;坡度＞15°条件下,人类对耕地的干扰程度和依赖程度相对较低,耕地景观要素正逐渐过渡到自然生态系统,有益于生态环境的保护.

Taking Gongyi city as a study area,by using the ArcGIS software,the characteristics of farmland landscape patterns at the five slope gradients were analyzed,and the human disturbance on slope farmlands was explored in this paper.The results indicated that the distribution of farmland landscape elements differed obviously with slope gradient,the main farmland landscape elements were upland and the irrigable land,and the upland interplanted with fruit trees.The irrigable land distributed widely in the upland at15°,the area of patches was large. The upland had a relatively lower disturbance both in intensity and in frequency,and lower utilization efficiency, which mainly distributed at 2°-15°.The effective area of patches of upland inter-planted with fruit trees was low, and was gradually transformed into orchard.Those farmland landscapes at 2°-6°and 6°-15°were the two major distributions of slope gradients,and were the key for realizing sustainable use of farmland.Human disturbance and dependence were lower at 15°,and the farmland landscape elements were gradually transformed into natural ecological elements,which would benefit the eco-environment of the study area.