减压渣油低压催化加氢轻质化研究

Upgrading petroleum vacuum residue at low initial hydrogenation pressure

以克拉玛依某炼厂减压渣油为研究对象,在高温高压反应釜(1L)中,以廉价可弃的Fe2O3为催化剂,采用单因素实验方法,考察了反应温度t、氢初压p(H2)和反应时间θ等对其加氢轻质化的影响。结果表明:该油样具备良好的加工性能;降低反应温度、升高氢初压和缩短反应时间,均可降低生焦率;氢初压5 MPa为折点。当氢初压超过5 MPa后,若通过增大氢初压的方式来降低生焦率,是不经济的;反应时间超过75 min,生焦率迅速增大,初步判定反应时间超过75 min,即为超过其生焦诱导期。以Fe2O3为催化剂,该油样加氢轻质化的适宜条件为反应温度θ=445℃,氢初压p(H2)=5 MPa,反应时间t=55 min,此时,η(≤330℃)=64.40%,生焦率6.03%。文章为该减压渣油加氢轻质化实现工业化提供理论依据。

Petroleum vacuum residual sample from one refinery of Karamay as a subject was upgraded in an autoclave（ 1L） in the presence of inexpensive and disposable catalyst Fe2O3powder with S as an assistant. The influences of reaction temperature,initial hydrogen pressure and reaction time on the heavy feedstocks were investigated by single factor method. The results show that the heavy stocks have excellent processed properties; the coke yields decrease due to dropping temperature,increasing initial hydrogen pressure and shortening reaction time; decreasing coke yield by increasing initial hydrogen pressure beyond the peak of 5 MPa is wasteful; the coke yields increase when reaction time beyond 75 min which is an induction period of coke. The appropriate condition is θ = 445 ℃,p（ H2） = 5 MPa and t = 55 min,and the corresponding results are 64. 40% of η（ ≤330 ℃） and 6. 03% of coke yields. The results above provide the theoretical parameters for heavy feedstocks upgrading for industrialization.