撒哈拉以南非洲反政府武装的演进历程与当代特点

The Evolution of Rebels in Sub-Saharan Africa and their Contemporary Features

撒哈拉以南非洲反政府武装的活动由来已久。在殖民地争取独立过程中,就兴起了针对殖民政府的反政府武装。非洲国家独立后,由于各国国内不同派别政治立场的差异、民族矛盾的对立等原因,在野方往往组织反政府武装对抗政府。冷战背景下,美苏在非洲的争霸活动也催生了一批具有国际背景的反政府武装。随着冷战结束,非洲内部的政治、经济利益分配,族群对立与冲突,宗教矛盾与极端化倾向,催生出新的反政府武装,并呈现出分布范围广,持续时间长,破坏性大,扩溢效应明显等特征。反政府武装问题久拖不决,是非洲国家和平与发展努力受挫的集中表现;而它们反过来又加深了非洲国家内部的社会危机,成为矛盾进一步复杂化的驱动因素。

The activities of rebels in Sub-Sahara Africa have been there for a long time.The struggle for independence from colonial rule saw the rise of rebels against colonial governments.In some African countries after their independence,political differences and ethnic contradictions have made the opposition groups form armed rebels against their governments.During the Cold War,contention for hegemony in Africa between the U.S.and the Soviet Union helped produce some rebel groups with international background.Since the end of Cold War,redistribution of political and economic interest within Africa,ethnic confrontation and conflicts,religious contradiction and extremalization have produced a new generation of rebels with such obvious characteristics as wide spreading,long duration,destructive and infectious.The delayed resolution of the rebel issue has hampered the effort of the African countries to achieve peace and development,while the existence of rebels has worsened the social crises within African countries and has become the driving factor for the existing contradictions to turn more complicated.