胃肠道恶性肿瘤免疫治疗的研究进展

Progress of immunotherapy on gastrointestinal malignancies

随着科学技术的进步,人们对恶性肿瘤的认识不断深入,恶性肿瘤的治疗手段越发丰富,除了传统的手术、化疗、放疗等,生物治疗等方法也正受到关注和研究,而免疫治疗作为一种重要的生物治疗手段亦不断发展。肿瘤的免疫治疗机制涉及非特异性和特异免疫效应,或同时具有此两种机制,主要包括细胞因子、细胞过继免疫治疗以及单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体等方面。胃肠道恶性肿瘤是世界上发病率及死亡率均较高的恶性肿瘤之一,在治疗上虽仍以手术切除为主,并辅以化疗和放疗,但免疫学方法在该领域中的研究方兴未艾,如细胞因子联合其他特异的免疫成分,过继免疫治疗的进一步扩展,免疫疫苗不断更新,单克隆抗体的相继问世,多克隆抗体的研发被考虑,甚至免疫与放射的结合等。本文将就近年来免疫治疗在胃肠道恶性肿瘤领域的研究进展做一概述。

With the development of science and technology, people gradually understood the essence of malignant tumors and there were various promising treatment modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In addition to these traditional treatments, biotherapy, especially immunotherapy, seemed to provide a potential curative option for such patients. The therapeutic mechanism of immunotherapy for cancer is not fully understood, but nonspecific and specific immunity effect, or the combinations are thought to be the main contributory. Accordingly, cytokines, adoptive immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies and even polyclonal antibodies have been emphatically involved. Despite the significant advances in surgical techniques and oncology treatment regimens, the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies remains dismal. Thereupon, combinations of cytokines and specific immune agents, reforms of adoptive immunotherapy, improvements of immune vaccine, updates of McAb, advancements of monoclonal antibodies, and even evolutionary combinations of immunotherapy and radiotherapy have considerably contributed to the prosperity of immunological approaches in the field. Hereby, recent development of immunotherapy for malignant gastrointestinal tumors is summarized in this review.