从生育和丧葬仪式看布依族竹图腾崇拜

The Bamboo Worships of Bouyei National Minority in Their Birth and Funeral Ceremony

大量史料记载夜郎王为竹所生和布依族以竹为姓的典故。布依族的民间故事、民歌、神话传说都记录了布依族祖先为竹所生及竹生人的说法。布依族将竹作为其所崇拜的图腾,竹的功能得以神化。生和死是人生最重要的两个仪式,布依族在生育仪式中的"搭花桥"、"改都雅"和丧葬仪式中的"龙戈"、"古庄"、"豪洛"都体现了其对竹的图腾崇拜。布依族人民企图以祭祀等图腾仪式来达到对自然的支配和控制,通过大量的祭祀与巫术活动祈求得到图腾的保护。

A lot of historical records show that the king of Yelang was born from bamboo and stories of the Buyi＇s surname being originated from bamboo. Many folk stories, folk songs, fairy tales of the Buyi have recorded that the Buyi＇s ancestors were born from bamboo and bamboo could give birth to people. The Buyi takes bamboo as their totem whose functions have been apotheosized. Since birth and death are the two most important rituals of life, the ceremony of ＂Dahuaqiao＂ and ＂Gaiduya＂ at birth and the ＂Longge＂, ＂Guzhuang＂ and ＂Huaoluo＂ in funeral ceremony all reflect their bamboo totem worship, he Buyi attempts to dominate and control nature with the totem ceremonies, praying for totem protection with a large number of worship and witchcraft activities.