民族高校妇科就诊女生月经初潮和主要病症分析

Analysis of Menarche and Diseases Found in Those Girls Visiting Department of Gynecology in Minzu University

目的了解民族高校女生的月经初潮和妇科就诊的主要病症,探讨影响女生月经初潮和引起妇科病症的因素,为健康宣教和临床诊治提供基本思路。方法 2012年11月—2013年1月,采用随时就诊随时录入的方式,将校医院妇科初诊女生病例信息录入自行设计内容包括一般情况、主诉及诊断的Excel表,进行统计分析。结果初诊学生共259例,包括汉族在内有26个民族;本科生171例(66.02%),硕士研究生78例(30.12%),其他10例(3.86%)。平均初潮年龄13.36岁。就诊病症依次为:异常子宫出血140例(54.10%),痛经46例(17.80%),妇科炎症34例(13.10%),乳腺疾患14例(5.40%),其他25例(9.70%)。结论就诊学生的月经初潮较过去二十余年有所提前;异常子宫出血、痛经、妇科炎症和乳腺疾患是妇科就诊的主要病症。在诊疗过程中,健康宣教对减少或减轻相关病症有着重要意义;同时,需及时甄别和治疗器质性病变,以防近远期并发症的发生。

OBJECTIVE To understand menarche of girls studying in Minzu University as well as disease found during their visits to the hospital and explore the reasons for influencing menarche and causing gynecological diseases, thus providing the fundamental thoughts for health education as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS From November 2012 to January 2013, information has been input at any time when the girls went to the hospital. Case information collected after those girls＇ first visits to the department of gynecology of the school hospital has been input and self-designed so as to make statistic analysis, including the excel table showing general situation, complaints and diagnosis. RESULTS 259 students of 26 nationalities have taken their first visits to the hospital,including 171 undergraduates（66.20%）, 78 postgraduates（30.12%） and other 10 students（3.86%）. They started menarche at the age of 13.36 on average. The diseases found are, in order, 140 cases for abnormal uterine bleeding（54.10%）, 46 cases for dysmenorrhea（17.80%）, 34 cases for gynecological inflammation disease（13.10%）, 14 cases for breast disease（5.40%）and other 25 cases（9.70%）.CONCLUSION The students visiting the hospital have started their menarche earlier than those living in the past over 20 years. The main diseases found in the department gynecology are abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, gynecological inflammation disease,and breast disease. Health education has played a significant role in the treatment to reduce or alleviate relevant diseases. In addition,it is critical to identify and treat the organic lesion, intending to prevent the incidence of short-term or long-term complications.