海滨城市婴儿铅来源的抽样分析

Sampling analysis of lead inside newborns from one coastal city

用电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）测量某海滨城市50例胎儿脐血中铅（Pb）质量浓度,发现Pb超标（＆gt;100μg/L）为8%.根据婴儿母体是否常食用海产品,将50例样品分为常食用海产品（A组）、偶尔食用海产品（B组）和极少食用海产品（C组）,用X射线荧光光谱分析（X-ray fluorescence,XRF）测量这3组婴儿毛发中的Pb质量分数,发现婴儿毛发中Pb质量分数具有显著性差异,由高至低依次为A组＆gt;B组＆gt;C组,其相应的脐血Pb质量分数也具有相同特征.同时对婴儿中的溴（Br）质量分数也进行了测量,发现Pb质量分数高的婴儿,其Br质量分数也显著偏高,由于海产品中Br质量分数远高于淡水产品,从另一方面说明,常食用海产品组的婴儿Pb质量分数偏高与母亲食用海产品有关.此外,对同一海滨城市393例儿童（2～11岁）血液中Pb质量分数进行统计学分析,得出Pb超标（〉100μg/L）为8.9%,说明海滨城市Pb污染仍对儿童具有一定的威胁.最后,通过对环境中常见的铅源（PM2.5、大气、油漆和海产品等）及人体摄入状况进行分析比较,认为食用铅污染的海产品是造成海滨城市胎儿铅超标的主要原因之一.

The concentration of 50 cases of coastal city fetal umbilical cord blood lead（Pb） level was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）.The results showed that about 8% of them exceeded the current blood lead standard（ 100 μg / L）.Meanwhile,the 50 cases were divided into three groups as such：regular consumption of seafood（group A）,occasional consumption of seafood（group B）,and rare consumption of seafood（group C） for analysis,respectively.The mass fraction of lead from fetal hair was analyzed by synchrotron radiation micro-XRF analysis.The results showed that lead content was significantly different in the groups and the trend of baby hair Pb content was as A B C group.The corresponding cord blood Pb levels also have the same trend.Bromine（Br） content was also measured and the result showed that the group with high level of Pb also had a high level of Br.As Br content is much higher in seafood than in freshwater products,the high Pb content with high Br content may be associated with the consumption of seafood.At the same time,blood Pb levels of 393 cases of children（from 2 to 11 years old） in the same coastal city were statistically analyzed,and the result showed that8.9% of them exceeded the current blood lead standard（ 100 μg /L）.The above tests indicate that Pb pollution still threaten the health of children.Finally,through the comparison of common main sources of lead in the environment（PM2.5,air,paint,seafood,etc.） as well as in combination with human intake conditions,it is concluded that lead-contaminated seafood consumption is the main reason of coastal city of fetal lead excess.