黑土区坡耕地坡位与施肥对春玉米产量的影响

Effect of slope positions and fertilization on the corn yield in undulating regions of black soil

文章研究黑土区坡耕地玉米单产随地形部位以及氮磷钾施肥量的变异规律。试验区土壤类型为典型黑土,肥料试验采取不完全方案、随机区组方法设计,每个区组分别设置在上、中、下三个不同坡位上。结果显示,黑土区坡耕地玉米单产由坡位引起的变异高达25%,沿坡向方向地形部位由上到下,玉米单产逐渐增加;产量与坡位关系还表现在产量与上坡坡长的正相关上。相对于对照,最佳氮磷钾施肥组合对玉米增产贡献为23.5%。制定坡耕地目标产量与施肥量应考虑地形部位对玉米单产影响。

Objective of this study was to investigate the variation of corn yield with slope positions and rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The soil in the study area was a typical black soil. The experimental design of nutrients（nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium） was a randomized incomplete block design; three blocks were arranged respectively on the upper, middle and lower slope positions. The results showed that corn yield variation due to slope positions reached 25%,following the order： lower positionmiddle positionupper position, which was also shown by the fact that corn yield was positively correlated with upslope length on each slope position; the optimal rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased the corn yield by 23.5% compared with control. It was concluded that the prediction of corn yield goals and the fertilizers rates must consider the variation of corn yield due to the slope positions.