流动摊贩外部性分析及其治理政策——以北京市为例

Management Strategy on External Analysis of Mobile Vendors——Taking Beijing as an Example

文章基于北京市流动摊贩的治理难题开展分析,首先对城市流动摊贩的定位、流动摊贩的研究现状进行了梳理,报告了城市流动摊贩的内部生存环境与外部生存环境——分别从内部自身生存状态与外部环境因素(社会因素、经济因素、文化因素等),通过采用系统科学与管理科学的研究方法,进行了首都流动摊贩存在现象的外部性调查,分别阐释了流动摊贩正外部性与负外部性,正外部性主要体现在有利于就业安置及社会安宁、传承文化,活力城市、满足低收入市民需求、存在的独特性;负外部性主要体现在影响食品安全、影响交通安全、污染环境,影响市民生活、扰乱市场秩序,损害消费者权益,并反映了其存在的严重城市问题。最后从落实法律法规、弱势群体保障体系、建立摊贩行业协会、公众参与理念四方面提出治理流动摊贩的对策,取得了首都流动摊贩治理的现实策略,以供政府部门参考实施。

The article gave the analysis based on the governance problem of current vendors in Beijing. At first, this paper analyzed the position and research status of the urban mobile vendors , reported the urban mobility vendors from aspect of internal environment and external environment-respectively from their own living conditions and external environment factors , （ social factors, economic factors, cultural factors, etc.）, by adopting the research method of system science and management science to study externalities of existing phenomenon of the capital mobile vendors , and respectively illustrated the positive externality and negative externality of them. Positive externalities is manifested in the uniqueness of job placement and inheriting culture , social peace, dynamic city, and meeting the needs of low-income residents existence. Negative externalities is reflected in affecting food safety, traffic safety, environment pollution, and affecting public life, disrupting the market order, damaging the consumers＆#39; rights and interests, and reflected the serious urban problems. Finally from the four aspects of implementation of laws and regulations, vulnerable groups security system, setting up the vendor industry association, the concept of public participation the author put forward the strategy of managing mobile vendors and made the reality of the capital mobile vendors governance strategy , and gave references for government departments to implement.